The beaches of Barra da Tijuca are also popular with the residents from other parts of the city. The headquarters of the Brazilian Academy of Letters is based in Rio de Janeiro. The largest urban forest in the world is the Floresta da Pedra Branca (White Rock Forest), which is located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. The elderly tramcars, which dated from the 1950s,[192] were retired and replaced with newly built replicas that have the appearance of the old fleet but with new mechanical equipment and additional safety features;[193] delivery began in 2014. In the late 17th century, still during the Sugar Era, the Bandeirantes discovered gold and diamonds in the neighbouring captaincy of Minas Gerais, thus Rio de Janeiro became a much more practical port for exporting wealth (gold, precious stones, besides the sugar) than Salvador, Bahia, much farther northeast. Santa Cruz and Campo Grande Region have exhibited economic growth, mainly in the Campo Grande neighborhood. Comparing São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro is complex and is can be simplified by categorizing São Paulo into the business hub and Rio into the laid-back, beach-life scene. London: Routledge, 2002. [17] In the first decade, several educational establishments were created, such as the Military Academy, the Royal School of Sciences, Arts and Crafts and the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, as well as the National Library of Brazil – with the largest collection in Latin America[18] – and The Botanical Garden. The black community was formed by residents whose ancestors had been brought as slaves, mostly from Angola and Mozambique, as well by people of Angolan, Mozambican and West African descent who moved to Rio from other parts of Brazil. Inaugurated in 1909, the Teatro Municipal has close to 1,700 seats. Other popular sports are basketball, beach football, beach volleyball, Beach American Football, footvolley, surfing, kite surfing, hang gliding, motor racing, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Luta Livre, sailing, and competitive rowing. As a result, temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F), that may happen about year-round but are much more common during the summer, often mean the actual temperature feeling is over 50 °C (122 °F), when there is little wind and the relative humidity percentage is high.[60][61][62][63]. Presidential Suite. Even within Brazil, cariocas are known as fun, sensual, and easygoing. Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. Morrison, Allen (November 2010; later updates). It was a five-a-side match between British workers, and took place six months before the first game organized by Charles Miller in São Paulo. There are nearly 440 municipal bus lines serving over four million passengers every day, in addition to intercity lines. With regard to industrial pollution, highly toxic wastes, with high concentrations of heavy metals – mainly zinc and cadmium – have been dumped over the years by factories in the industrial districts of Santa Cruz, Itaguaí and Nova Iguaçu, constructed under the supervision of State policies. Domestic Toll-Free for US and Canada: 1-800-997-1438, Duration: 3 to 5 hours (approx.) The main yacht clubs are in Botafogo area that extends halfway between Copacabana and the center of town. People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. Duration: 10 hours (approx.) It’s a seaside city fringed with great beaches, including Ipanema and Copacabana. White in Brazil is defined more by having a European-looking phenotype rather than ancestry, and two full siblings can be of different "racial" categories[91] in a skin color and phenotype continuum from pálido (branco) or fair-skinned, through branco moreno or swarthy Caucasian, mestiço claro or lighter skinned multiracial, pardo (mixed race) to negro or black. The neighbourhood of Copacabana beach hosts one of the world's most spectacular New Year's Eve parties ("Reveillon"), as more than two million revelers crowd onto the sands to watch the fireworks display. Part of the city has been designated as a World Heritage Site, named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", by UNESCO on 1 July 2012 as a Cultural Landscape.[6]. [40], The Marapendi lagoon and the Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon have suffered with the leniency of the authorities and the growth in the number of apartment buildings close by. The large West Zone (Zona Oeste), long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made more easily accessible to those on the South Zone by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th century.[34]. Other important historical attractions in central Rio include its Passeio Público, an 18th-century public garden. Rio has roads to all neighbour States. [194] The line's track was also rebuilt, and after some delays, about one-third of the line reopened in July 2015. Hang gliding is a popular activity on the Pedra Bonita (literally, "Beautiful Rock"). There were plans to divert the Paraíba do Sul to the Sistema Cantareira (Cantareira system) during the water crisis of 2014 in order to help the critically drought-stricken Greater São Paulo area. Many of the most important retail stores are located in the centre, but others are scattered throughout the commercial areas of the other districts, where shopping centres, supermarkets, and other retail businesses handle a large volume of consumer trade. [79] A tunnel called Túnel da Grota Funda, opened in 2012, creating a public transit facility between Barra da Tijuca and Santa Cruz, lessening travel time to the region from other areas of Rio de Janeiro.[80]. There are more than 137 upper-learning institutions in whole Rio de Janeiro state. The statues on the top, of two women representing Poetry and Music, are by Rodolfo Bernardelli, and the interior is rich with furnishings and fine paintings. The Santa Teresa Tram (known locally as the "bonde", the Brazilian Portuguese word for tram) commenced electric operation in 1896, replacing horse-drawn trams and extending the route. [136], Primary schools are largely under municipal administration, while the state plays a more significant role in the extensive network of secondary schools. Duration: Flexible [90] A large majority has some recent sub-Saharan ancestor. The people of the city rebelled against Cruz's policy, in what would be known as the Vaccine Revolt.[28]. More recently its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans. [102], Many Protestant creeds coexist in the city, Presbyterian, Congregational, Lutheran and Anglican Churches. [26] Inspired by the city of Paris, Passos built the Municipal Theatre, the National Museum of Fine Arts and the National Library in the city's center; brought electric power to Rio and created larger avenues to adapt the city to automobiles. [120] The top three goods exported by the municipality were crude petroleum (40%), semi finished iron product (16%), and semi finished steel products (11%). Rio de Janeiro subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960 when the capital was transferred to Brasília. [39], The waters of Sepetiba Bay are slowly following the path traced by Guanabara Bay, with sewage generated by a population of the order of 1.29 million inhabitants being released without treatment in streams or rivers. [179][180], SuperVia connects the city of Rio with other locations in Greater Rio de Janeiro with surface trains. Their main playgrounds are the beaches of Copacabana and Ipanema, names t… The South Zone of Rio de Janeiro (Zona Sul) is composed of several districts, among which are São Conrado, Leblon, Ipanema, Arpoador, Copacabana, and Leme, which compose Rio's famous Atlantic beach coastline. ", "Bangu Athletic Club History [Portuguese]", "As reformas do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX", "Reforma Urbanística de Pereira Passos, o Rio com cara de Paris", "Revolta da Vacina: Oswaldo Cruz e Pereira Passos tentam sanear Rio", "Drugs and violence in Rio: The bottom line", Juscelino Kubitschek and the city of Rio de Janeiro, "Em 15 de março de 1975, Guanabara e Rio se transformaram num único estado", Rio de Janeiro – History.com Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts, "Estudo revela poluição elevada em seis capitais", "Lagoa de Marapendi sofre com poluição da água", "Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas estará despoluída até 2014, diz secretário", "For rowers in Rio's Olympic water, it's all about avoiding the splash", "Hail falls in Rio de Janeiro's West Zone and Baixada Fluminense", "Chuvinha de granizo – Nova Iguaçu 18-2-2013", "As hail falls, Rio enters a warning interval", "Brazil drought crisis leads to rationing and tensions", "Brazil's worst drought in history prompts protests and blackouts", "Paraíba do Sul River might not have enough water to rescue São Paulo's Sistema Cantareira", "Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro", "Tornado is responsible for havoc in Nova Iguaçu", Storm with winds above 90 km/h (56 mph) kill one in Rio, "Bangu windstorm, inside the city of Rio, achieved near-cyclone speed", "Precipitação Acumulada Mensal e Anual (mm)", "Com sensação térmica de 48°C, cariocas se refugiram do calor nas praias", "Sensação térmica no Rio de Janeiro chega a 50°C nesta terça-feira", "Sensação térmica no Rio ultrapassa os 50 graus", "Sensação térmica no Rio chega aos 51 graus, diz pesquisa do Inpe", "Máximo Absoluto de Precipitação Acumulada (mm)", "Temperatura desta quarta no Rio é recorde histórico, diz Inmet", "Record lowest temperature since 7.3 °C (45.1 °F) in 2000", "Número de Dias com Precipitação Maior ou Igual a 1 mm (dias)", "Umidade Relativa do Ar Média Compensada (%)", "[PDF] Trail Guide of Pedra Branca State", "Bispo do Rosário Museum, the contemporary museum of Colônia", "SIDERÚRGICA DO ATLÂNTICO VAI GERAR 18 MIL EMPREGOS NA ZONA OESTE", "Topo do blog Quais serão os novos ares cariocas? Though the most exclusive and interesting is probably the Rio Yacht club, where high society makes it a point to congregate. The history of the Brazilian Academy of Letters is linked to the Real Gabinete, since some of the early meetings of the Academy were held there. [147] He commented on and criticized the political and social events of the city and country such as the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the transition from Empire to Republic with his numerous chronicles published in newspapers of the time. The stadium is owned by the city of Rio de Janeiro, but it was rented to Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas for 20 years. The most valuable collections in the library include: 4,300 items donated by Barbosa Machado including a precious collection of rare brochures detailing the History of Portugal and Brazil; 2,365 items from the 17th and 18th centuries that were previously owned by Antônio de Araújo de Azevedo, the "Count of Barca", including the 125-volume set of prints "Le Grand Théâtre de l'Univers;" a collection of documents regarding the Jesuítica Province of Paraguay and the "Region of Prata;" and the Teresa Cristina Maria Collection, donated by Emperor Pedro II. The third connects General Osório to Jardim Oceânico Station, in the Barra da Tijuca neighborhood, where the 2016 Olympic Games were held. The city is served by a number of expressways, like Linha Vermelha, Linha Amarela, Avenida Brasil, Avenida das Américas and Avenida Infante Dom Henrique (Aterro do Flamengo); in spite of this, traffic jams are very common. [186] However, it is only available during weekdays. Location: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves, transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil, United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, National Economic and Social Development Bank, city rankings of cost of living for expatriate employees, List of Rio de Janeiro schools, colleges, universities and research centers, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Federal University of the Rio de Janeiro state, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Superior Institute of Technology in Computer Science of Rio de Janeiro, National Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Federal Center of Technological Education Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Rio de Janeiro International Film Festival, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont National Airport, Galeão–Antônio Carlos Jobim International Airport, List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil, "2019 population estimates. And shortly after her arrival, in September 1894, the first football match in Brazil took place in the field beside the textile factory. [110], Greater Rio de Janeiro, as perceived by the IBGE, has a GDP of US$187 billion, constituting the second largest hub of national wealth. [151], The official song of Rio de Janeiro is "Cidade Maravilhosa", which means "marvelous city". In Brazil, most interstate transportation is done by road. [167] Rio de Janeiro has also a multi-purpose arena, the HSBC Arena. Home of one of the largest stages in Latin America and one of Brazil's best known venues for opera, ballet, and classical music, the building was inspired by the Palais Garnier, home of the Paris Opera. The city's centre of gravity began to shift south and west to the so-called Zona Sul (South Zone) in the early part of the 20th century, when the first tunnel was built under the mountains between Botafogo and the neighbourhood that is now known as Copacabana. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. Major streets include Avenida Rio Branco and Avenida Vargas, both constructed, in 1906 and 1942 respectively, by destroying large swaths of the colonial city. [31] Though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília and a new Federal District built, at great cost, by 1960. On 27 January 1763,[16] the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. On 6 February 1889 the Bangu Textile Factory was founded, with the name of Industrial Progress Company of Brazil (Companhia Progresso Industrial do Brasil). The humble açai berry has been pushed into the spotlight with its superfood status and incredible health properties. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. Rio's public transportation service has been a target of many critics and the motive of the 2013's protests and manifestations that started in São Paulo and spread through the entire country. The illegal discharge of sewage and the consequent deaths of algae diminished the oxygenation of the waters, causing fish mortality. [100] The Rio de Janeiro Cathedral was inaugurated in 1979, in the central region of the city. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)", "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea", "Posição ocupada pelos 100 maiores municípios em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto", "The 150 richest cities in the world by GDP in 2005", "Veja o ranking das capitais mais violentas do Brasil", "BBC Sport, Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games", "Chegada da família real portuguesa muda a arquitetura do Rio", "Apresentação da Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil", "199 anos do primeiro jornal impresso no Brasil", "Tour Rio De Janeiro's Oldest Slave Port With This New App", "Who is the true father of football in Brazil? In the morning, enjoy a panoramic city tour and ride a cable car to the top of Sugar Loaf Mountain. In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C (104 °F) are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C (81 °F) can occur on a monthly basis. The trams are the first in the world to use a combination of ground-level power supply (APS) and on-board supercapacitor energy storage (SRS), in order to eliminate overhead lines along the entire route. [128], The fact that Brasília replaced Rio de Janeiro as the Brazilian capital in 1960 and that São Paulo replaced Rio as the country's commercial, financial and main cultural center during the mid-20th century, has also been cited as a leading cause of the decline. The city was started in 1565. The first notable work of realism focusing on the urban lower-middle class is Manuel Antônio de Almeida's Memórias de um sargento de milícias (1854), which presents a series of picaresque but touching scenes, and evokes the transformation of a town into a city with suggestive nostalgia. Taking into consideration the network of influence exerted by the urban metropolis (which covers 11.3% of the population), this share in GDP rises to 14.4%, according to a study released in October 2008 by the IBGE. After Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822, Rio de Janeiro quickly developed a European-style bourgeois cultural life, including numerous newspapers, in which most 19th-century novels were initially published in serial. [107] In 2019, police killed an average of five people each day in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with a total of 1,810 killed in the year. [139], In Rio, there were 1,033 primary schools with 25,594 teachers and 667,788 students in 1995. Some areas within Rio de Janeiro state occasionally have falls of snow grains and ice pellets (popularly called granizo) and hail. So he wrote to his wife, Elizabeth, asking her to bring a football when she joined him. In early May 2013, winds registering above 90 km/h (56 mph) caused blackouts in 15 neighborhoods of the city and three surrounding municipalities, and killed one person.
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