Now Australia has hundreds of smaller community-based festivals, and national and regional festivals that focus on specific art forms.[35]. Australia passed many laws to help the workers.[25]. The leader of Australia is the Prime Minister, although the Governor-General represents the Queen of Australia, who is also the Queen of Great Britain, as head of state. Sydney grew, and new towns were started. [15][16][17] Until the arrival of British settlers in 1788, the Aboriginal people lived by hunting and gathering food from the land. Thomas Mitchell went inland, and found more rivers. They sailed up the coast and Captain Cook named the land that he saw "New South Wales". 23.5% Australians over the age of 15 regularly take part in organised sporting activities. This system was copied around the world. But soon they began to farm, and more people came. In 1642, Dutchman Abel Tasman, working for the Dutch East Indies Company reached Tasmania, which he called Antony van Diemenslandt. Australian soldiers were sent to Gallipoli, in the Ottoman Empire. Famous Australian sports players include the cricketer Sir Donald Bradman, the swimmer Ian Thorpe and the athlete Cathy Freeman. In 1826, the first British military outpost was set up at King George Sound in Western Australia. A new secret ballot was introduced in Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia in 1856, allowing people to vote in private. In the 1600s, Dutch merchants traded with the islands of Batavia (now Indonesia), to the north of Australia and several different Dutch ships touched on the coast of Australia. But in 1770 a British sailor, Captain James Cook, found the fertile east coast of Australia. This was a federation of the States of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia.. 1911 : Site for capital at Canberra acquired.. 1914 - 1918 : World War I - Anzac troops in Europe including Gallipoli. An important new party, the Liberal Party of Australia was made by Robert Menzies in 1944 and it won lots of elections from 1949 until in 1972, then Gough Whitlam won for the Labor Party. On 26 January 1788, the flag was raised and New South Wales was claimed in the name of King George III of England, and the new settlement was called Sydney. Then they sailed westward. The government decided to make a settlement in New South Wales and send some of the convicts there. His ship, HMS Endeavour, carried the famous scientists, Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Solander who were going to Tahiti where they would watch the planet Venus pass in front of the Sun. In which John Green teaches you about the life and death of one of history's great explorers, Captain James Cook of the British Navy. In 1606 the first European, Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon (1571–1639), visited the west. These include animals like the kangaroo, the koala, the emu, the kookaburra, and the platypus. Australia became more multicultural. Thousands of years before the arrival of the British, Australia was settled by the indigenous people of Australia called the Aborigines. There were many small bays on the harbor so he decided on one which had a good stream of fresh water and some flat shore to land on. Aboriginal artefacts on Rottnest Island have been dated from 6,500 to more than 30,000 years ago. Tradition was very important in their lives. They found the Murray River, and good land in Victoria. Women were given the vote in the Parliament of South Australia in 1895 and they became the first women in the world allowed to stand in elections.[22][23]. He went with two ships up the coast and sailed into a great harbor which he said was "the finest harbor in the world!" The other colonies soon followed. The explorers thought no crops could be grown and so it would be difficult for people to live there. Harris, J. Ludwig Leichhardt got lost twice. In Australia at this time, the trade unions were very strong, and they started a political party, the Australian Labor Party. Australia has also hosted the 1938, 1962, 1982 and 2006 Commonwealth Games and are to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Its capital city is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. Settlements had spread out from Sydney, firstly to Norfolk Island and to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), and also up the coast to Newcastle, where coal was discovered, and inland where the missing cattle were found to have grown to a large herd. Australia, formally the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country and sovereign state in the southern hemisphere, located in Oceania. The only Aboriginal buildings that are known are fish-traps made from stones piled up in the river, and the remains of a few stone huts in Victoria and Tasmania. They decided there would be no economic reasons to stay. Australian movies have a very long history. (). But by the 1770s, the colonies in America became the United States. Kangaroos like to live on grassy plains, but not in forests. Nobody had chosen them carefully. The first governments in the colonies were run by Governors chosen by London. Around 4-5% of Australians could not get a job in 2010. [19][20][21] The Aboriginal people did not use metal or make pottery or use bows and arrows or weave cloth. [4] In 1850 elections for legislative councils were also held in the colonies of Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Because of this, many animals and plants live in Australia that do not live anywhere else. They sent Captain James Cook to the Pacific Ocean. [18] This meant that a lot of grass grew back, but not many big trees. But usually they were just thrown in gaol. As the towns and farms spread across Australia, the Aboriginal people were pushed off their land. 3. He then called the continent he charted the north coast of on his second visit in 1644 New Holland. Major Thomas Mitchell was one of the most successful explorers. A very simple guide. Captain Cook's secret mission was to find "Terra Australis" (the Land of the South). Cattle were very important to the northern economy. Later they also came from countries like Turkey and Lebanon. If you like the beach, then this word is for you! Englishman Matthew Flinders published his map of the coast in 1814, calling it Australia for the first time, a name later formally adopted by the authorities. ", "Electoral milestones for Indigenous Australians", Women and the Right to Vote in Australia - Australian Electoral Commission, "Australia in Brief: Australia - an overview - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Video Overview The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906) on ASO - Australia's audio and visual heritage online, Video Overview In the Wake of the Bounty (1933) on ASO - Australia's audio and visual heritage online, Video Overview Kokoda Front Line! It was probable that everyone in the new colony would die of starvation. Famous Australian writers include the bush balladeers Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson who wrote about life in the Australian bush. The Australian Colonies Government Act [1850] allowed constitutions for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. The people in Australia wanted to run their own country, and self-govern. But in 1770 a British sailor, Captain James Cook, found the fertile east coast of Australia. All the plants were different so no-one knew which ones could be eaten. Their leader was Captain Arthur Phillip. In 1973, the famous Sydney Opera House opened. They were not very high and did not look very rugged but for many years no-one could find their way through them. They were to make a new colony at the place that Captain Cook had discovered, named Botany Bay because of all the unknown plants found there by the two scientists. The first governments in the colonies were run by governors chosen by London. Hobart was much smalle… They were free from British rule and would not take England's convicts any more, so England needed to find a new and less populated place. On January 26, 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip guides a fleet of 11 British ships carrying convicts to the colony of New South Wales, effectively founding Australia. The currency in Australia is the Australian dollar. All of the cattle escaped. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Australia is a very big country, but much of the land is very dry, and the middle of the continent is mostly desert. Use the adverb “fully” and add “sick” to it. Australia is the sixth biggest country in the world. Over the next 25 years, millions of people came to Australia. Televised sport is popular; some of the highest-rated television programs include the Summer Olympic Games and the grand finals of local and international football competitions. From 1788 to 1868 Britain transported more than 160,000 convicts from its overcrowded prisons to the Australian colonies, forming the basis of the first migration from Europe to Australia. close. The land was dry because of not much rain; some was a desert. In 1840, the Adelaide City Council and the Sydney City Council were started and some people could vote for them (but only men with a certain amount of money). More than 60,000 Australians were killed. Aboriginal art started at least 30,000 years ago and there are lots of Dreaming stories painted on walls and cut in rocks all around Australia. In the 1970s, 80s and 90s lots of Australian movies, actors and singers became famous around the world. In most parts of the world, people put up a house and a fence or some marker to show that they own the land. Australia started trading more with America, than Japan. New South Wales Legislative Council had its first elections in 1843, again with some limits on who could vote. [31] In the 1970s and 1980s lots of big Australian movies and movie stars became world famous with movies like Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli (with Mel Gibson), The Man From Snowy River and Crocodile Dundee. Australia took 6.5 million immigrants in the 60 years after World War Two, including around 660,000 refugees.[26]. Because Australia is such a very large land, it was easy to think that it might be able to hold a very large number of people. By 1822, many towns had been set up and people from the towns often visited Sydney for additional economic resources. Today Australia is a rich, peaceful and democratic country. The British Government was sure that there must be a very large land in the south, that had not been explored. Then Malcolm Fraser won a few elections for the Liberal Party. He called it New South Wales, and claimed it for Britain. This page was last changed on 6 April 2021, at 09:42. In 1813 Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and a 17-year-old called William Charles Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains and found land on the other side which was good for farming. They also fought on the Western Front. The states are New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and other islands on the Australian tectonic plate are together called Australasia, which is one of the world's great ecozones. The largest city was Melbourne with a population of about 420,000. In 1911, Australia's Capital Territory (where Canberra is located today) was formally established, and in 1927, the seat of government was transferred from Melbourne to Canberra. By the 1820s there was a fine brick house for the Governor. In 1788 the First Fleet of eleven ships set sail from Portsmouth carrying convicts, sailors, marines, a few free settlers and enough food to last for two years. Adelaide had about 115,000 and Brisbane 86,000. [5], In 1855, limited self-government was granted by London to New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. Every few years the Aboriginal people would burn the grass and small trees. In the 1980s and 90s, the Labor Party under Bob Hawke and Paul Keating, then the Liberal Party under John Howard made lots of changes to the economy. But voices were getting louder for all of them to come together as one country with a national parliament. In 1855, the right to vote was given to all men over 21 in South Australia. Another notable fact of George III's reign was the start of the Industrial Revolution , with James Watt's famous steam engine and the mechanisation of the manufacturing industry transforming the face of England to this … Then, Australia's first parliamentary elections were held for the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1843, again with some limits on who could vote. Their contact influenced the Aboriginal tribes of Arnhem Land with the introduction of steel, boats, cards and words, which are still in use today. 79-104 3. [29] In 1933, In the Wake of the Bounty, directed by Charles Chauvel, had Errol Flynn as the main actor. By the 1780s the gaols of England were so full that convicts were often chained up in rotting old ships. In the early days of the colony, a great number of explorers went out, searching for good land to settle on. Australia's landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometers is on the Indo-Australian plate. Most of the Australian colonies, having been settled from Britain, became mostly independent democratic states in the 1850s and all six combined as a federation on 1 January 1901. The history of Australia began when The First Fleet, commissioned by Thomas Townshend, Baron Sydney, set sail for Botany Bay on May 13, 1787. So the government said it would take in people from Europe who had lost their homes in the war. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago", "Archaeology: Early signs of human presence in Australia", Australia in Brief: Ancient heritage, modern society – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, The Right to Vote in Australia – Australian Electoral Commission, Australia’s major electoral developments Timeline: 1788 – 1899 – Australian Electoral Commission, History of the Australian nation – State Library of NSW, Bush Poetry a source of Australian History, An Aborigine on his understanding of tradition, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Australia&oldid=7426712, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. George Bass and Matthew Flinders sailed south to Tasmania and a colony was started at Hobart in 1803. When the war ended, Australia felt that it needed many more people to fill the country up and to work. Share page. Aboriginal music has songs about the Dreamtime, sometimes with special instruments like the didgeridoo. The second time, he was never seen again. In the 1700s, in England, laws were tough, many people were poor and gaols (jails) were full. History of Australia. In the late 19th century Northern Australia began to grow. The first Prime Minister of Australia was Edmund Barton in 1901. 4. Soon people from Sydney found other parts of Australia. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The United Kingdom has the Plain English Campaign, started by a Liverpool woman who was fed up with unintelligible government forms. Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the water between Australia and New Guinea later that year.[source?] The gold rushes of New South Wales and Victoria started in 1851 leading to large numbers of people arriving to search for gold. Australian soldiers also helped the United Nations in countries like East Timor in 1999. The first Prime Minister of Australia was Edmund Barton in 1901. He mapped the country as he went, and his maps remained in use for more than 100 years. Because of the hot climate, there were also sugar plantations. There was no-one among the convicts who was a builder, a brick-maker or a blacksmith. 5. Most Australians live in cities along the coast, such as Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Darwin, Hobart and Adelaide. The current Prime Minister is Scott Morrison. The continent of Australia, sometimes known in technical contexts by the names Sahul (/ s ə ˈ h uː l /), Australinea, or Meganesia to distinguish it from the country of Australia, consists of the landmasses which sit on Australia's continental plate.The name "Sahul" takes its name from the Sahul Shelf, which is part of the continental shelf of the Australian continent. [34] In international sports, Australia has very strong teams in cricket, hockey, netball, rugby league and rugby union, and performs well in cycling, rowing and swimming. ", "Stone Pages Archaeo News: Australia colonized earlier than previously thought? Australia has participated in every summer Olympic Games since 1896, and every Commonwealth Games. But in 1941 lots of Australian soldiers were captured in the Fall of Singapore by Japan. Some people, like Captain Charles Sturt were sure that there must be a sea in the middle of Australia and set out to find it. The climate in Tasmania was more like that in England, and farmers found it easy to grow crops there. [3] Share. They voted to join together to form one new country, called the Commonwealth of Australia, in 1901. Free immigrants began arriving in the 1790s.[3]. But the Aboriginal people did not own the land in that way. Queensland became a separate colony in 1859. About sharing. People have lived in Australia for over 65,000 years. Many of the explorers did not prepare very well, or else they went out to explore at the hottest time of year. Aboriginal people also have their own type of art. The kangaroos that lived on the plain were a good food supply for the Aboriginal people. Its name was later changed to honour the man who discovered it. The Henty brothers had come from Tasmania, had built themselves a house, had a successful farm and fed the Major and his men on roast lamb and wine.
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